Devastating Tornadoes Ravage Wright-Patterson Air Force Base

Executive Summary

On May 28, 2019, a destructive tornado outbreak swept across the Midwest, causing widespread damage and leaving many communities reeling. Among the hardest-hit areas was Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB) in Dayton, Ohio. The base sustained significant infrastructure damage, disrupting operations and affecting thousands of personnel.

Tornado Characteristics and Impact

The tornado that struck WPAFB was an EF-3 on the Enhanced Fujita Scale, with wind speeds estimated at 136 to 165 miles per hour. It touched down on the base at approximately 6:45 PM and remained on the ground for 17 minutes, traveling a path of approximately 6.3 miles.

The tornado's fury left a trail of destruction across WPAFB, damaging or destroying 157 buildings. The Synergy Park area, home to numerous research and development facilities, was particularly hard-hit. The National Air and Space Intelligence Center (NASIC), a critical intelligence-gathering facility, also suffered extensive damage.

Operational Disruptions

The tornado caused significant operational disruptions at WPAFB, affecting mission-essential functions and daily operations. The base was under shelter-in-place orders for several hours following the storm, and many buildings remained closed for extended periods of time.

Personnel Impact

The tornado affected thousands of personnel at WPAFB, including active-duty military, civilian employees, and contractors. Many homes and vehicles were damaged or destroyed, forcing families to relocate or seek temporary housing. The base provided support and assistance to those affected, including counseling services and financial aid.

Infrastructure Damage

The tornado caused extensive damage to WPAFB's infrastructure, including:

• Buildings: 157 buildings were damaged or destroyed.
• Housing: Over 300 family housing units and 1,000 dormitory rooms were affected.
• Aircraft: 40 aircraft were damaged or destroyed, including 15 F-35 fighter jets.
• Communication: Power lines and communication networks were disrupted, cutting off communication between units and the outside world.
• Vehicles: Hundreds of vehicles were damaged or destroyed.

Recovery Efforts

Immediately following the tornado, WPAFB personnel and emergency responders from neighboring communities mobilized to begin recovery efforts. The base established a joint task force to coordinate debris removal, emergency repairs, and the restoration of essential services.

Financial Impact

The tornado caused significant financial losses for WPAFB. According to the Air Force Civil Engineer Center, the total cost of damage exceeded $1 billion. The funds were used to repair buildings, replace equipment, and assist affected personnel.

Lessons Learned and Best Practices

The tornado outbreak at WPAFB highlighted the importance of preparedness and mitigation strategies for military installations. In the aftermath of the storm, the base implemented several best practices, including:

• Enhanced Emergency Planning: WPAFB conducted comprehensive reviews of its emergency plans and procedures, ensuring that they aligned with current best practices.
• Increased Storm Shelters: The base constructed additional storm shelters to provide safe havens for personnel in the event of future tornadoes.
• Debris Management: WPAFB developed standardized procedures for debris removal and disposal, ensuring efficient and timely cleanup operations.
• Community Partnerships: The base strengthened its partnerships with local emergency response agencies, establishing clear lines of communication and coordination.

Tips and Tricks for Tornado Preparedness

To enhance preparedness for future tornadoes, individuals and organizations should adopt the following tips and tricks:

• Develop a Storm Emergency Plan: Outline a clear plan for sheltering, communication, and evacuation in the event of a tornado warning.
• Identify Safe Shelters: Know the location of designated tornado shelters in your area and the best routes to reach them.
• Stay Informed: Monitor weather forecasts and listen to local news reports for updates on tornado warnings.
• Prepare an Emergency Kit: Assemble an emergency kit containing essential items such as water, food, first aid supplies, and a battery-powered radio.
• Secure Loose Objects: Anchor or tie down outdoor furniture, grills, and other items that could become projectiles in high winds.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

When preparing for or experiencing a tornado, it is essential to avoid these common mistakes:

• Ignoring Warnings: Do not ignore tornado warnings. Take shelter immediately when a warning is issued.
• Seeking Shelter in a Car: Cars are not safe shelters during tornadoes. Seek shelter in a sturdy building or underground.
• Going Outside to Watch the Tornado: Never go outside to watch a tornado, no matter how curious you are.
• Staying in a Mobile Home: Mobile homes are not designed to withstand tornadoes. If you live in a mobile home, evacuate immediately to a safe shelter.
• Delaying Evacuation: Do not delay evacuating when a tornado warning is issued. Seek shelter immediately.

Step-by-Step Approach to Tornado Preparedness

To ensure comprehensive tornado preparedness, follow these step-by-step instructions:

1. Gather Information: Stay informed about weather forecasts and tornado risks in your area.
2. Develop a Plan: Create a family emergency plan and identify safe shelters.
3. Prepare an Emergency Kit: Stock an emergency kit with essential items.
4. Secure Your Home: Anchor loose objects and protect your property from wind damage.
5. Practice Drills: Conduct drills with your family to ensure everyone knows what to do in the event of a tornado.

Call to Action

Tornadoes are a serious threat to military installations and communities worldwide. By following the best practices and recommendations outlined in this article, individuals and organizations can enhance their preparedness and mitigate the risks associated with these powerful storms. Embrace the lessons learned from the devastating tornado at WPAFB and ensure that your community is ready to respond to future events.

Tornado Damage Assessment at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base

Building Damage

Aircraft Damage

Infrastructure Damage