Petra: The Lost City Rediscovered

Introduction

Nestled in the heart of the Jordanian desert lies Petra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that has captivated travelers for centuries. This ancient city, carved into sheer rock faces, is a testament to the ingenuity and artistry of the Nabataeans, a civilization that flourished in the region from the 1st century BC to the 2nd century AD.

Petra's iconic structures, including the Treasury and the Monastery, have been the backdrop for countless films and documentaries, and its allure remains as strong as ever. In this article, we'll delve into the history, architecture, and secrets of this lost city, providing you with an in-depth guide to one of the world's most extraordinary archaeological wonders.

Historical Overview

The Nabataeans, a nomadic Arab tribe, established Petra as their capital around 100 BC. The city's strategic location at the crossroads of several major trade routes made it a flourishing center of commerce and culture. The Nabataeans were skilled traders and builders, and their wealth and ingenuity are evident in the elaborate structures they constructed.

Petra's prosperity reached its peak in the 1st century AD, during the reign of King Aretas IV. The city became a major hub for the caravan trade, with goods from as far as India and China passing through its gates. However, the Roman Empire's annexation of the region in 106 AD brought about a gradual decline in Petra's fortunes.

Key Figures:
* Petra's population is estimated to have reached 20,000-30,000 at its height in the 1st century AD.
* The entire city covers an area of approximately 100 square kilometers (39 square miles).
* The Siq, the narrow gorge that leads to the Treasury, is 1.2 kilometers (0.75 miles) long.

Architectural Marvels

Petra's most iconic structures are carved directly into the sandstone cliffs that surround the city. These include:

The Treasury

The Treasury (Al-Khazneh) is the most famous landmark in Petra. Its elaborate facade, with its Corinthian columns and pediment, is a breathtaking sight. The Treasury was originally intended as a tomb for King Aretas IV, but its purpose was later changed to a treasury.

The Monastery

The Monastery (Al-Deir) is another impressive structure located at the end of a long and arduous climb. Its facade is even larger than that of the Treasury, and it features an imposing flight of steps leading to its entrance. The Monastery was also originally a tomb, but its exact purpose is unknown.

Other Notable Structures

• The Siq - A narrow gorge that leads from the entrance of Petra to the Treasury
• The Royal Tombs - A series of elaborate tombs carved into the cliffs overlooking the Treasury
• The Roman Theater - A well-preserved theater with a capacity of 8,500 people
• The Great Temple - A large temple complex that was originally dedicated to the Nabataean gods

Secrets of Petra

Beyond its iconic structures, Petra holds many secrets that are still being uncovered today. Archaeologists have discovered:

• A sophisticated water management system that collected and stored rainwater in cisterns and aqueducts
• Evidence of a thriving agricultural community, with terraces built into the surrounding hillsides
• Religious shrines and temples dedicated to various Nabataean gods
• Inscriptions and graffiti that provide insights into the lives and beliefs of the Nabataeans

Did You Know?
* Petra was abandoned around the 6th century AD, possibly due to a combination of earthquakes, floods, and a shift in trade routes.
* The city remained largely unknown to the Western world until it was rediscovered by Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt in 1812.
* Petra is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the Seven Wonders of the New World.

Practical Guide

Getting There: Petra is located in the south of Jordan, about 240 kilometers (150 miles) from the capital, Amman. The city can be reached by bus or private car, and there are also regular flights from Amman to Petra's small airport.

Entrance Fees: Admission to Petra is 50 Jordanian dinars (approximately $70) for a one-day pass, 55 dinars (approximately $77) for a two-day pass, and 60 dinars (approximately $84) for a three-day pass.

Guided Tours: Guided tours are available at the entrance of Petra. The cost of a tour varies depending on the duration and the number of people in the group.

Tips and Tricks:
* Visit Petra early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid the crowds and the heat.
* Wear comfortable shoes, as you will be doing a lot of walking and climbing.
* Bring plenty of water and sunscreen, as there is limited shade within Petra.
* Hire a donkey or camel to ride to some of the more remote areas of the city.
* Take advantage of the Petra by Night experience, where the Treasury is illuminated by candlelight.

Table 1: Population of Petra Over Time

Table 2: Timeline of Key Events in Petra's History

Table 3: Pros and Cons of Visiting Petra

Conclusion

Petra is a city of endless fascination and wonder. Its towering cliffs, intricate structures, and hidden secrets have captivated travelers for centuries. Whether you're a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or simply someone who appreciates the beauty of the natural world, a visit to Petra is an experience that will stay with you forever. So, pack your bags, lace up your hiking boots, and prepare to be amazed by one of the world's most extraordinary archaeological wonders.